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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a solid, in particular tape-shaped, insulation material, formulation for the production of an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process therewith and machines with such an insulation system, in particular for the medium and high voltage range, namely for medium and high voltage machines, in particular rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage area as well as semi-finished products for electrical switchgear A hardening catalyst in the form of a super acid and / or a super acid derivative is present in the solid insulating material.
    公开号:AT16858U1
    申请号:TGM50135/2019U
    申请日:2016-05-19
    公开日:2020-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Siemens Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    SOLID, ESPECIALLY TAPE SHAPED, INSULATION MATERIAL, USE OF IT AND ELECTRIC MACHINE
    The invention relates to a solid, in particular tape-shaped, insulation material, formulation for the production of an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process and machines with such an insulation system, in particular for the medium and high voltage range, namely for medium and high voltage machines, especially rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range as well as semi-finished products for electrical switchgear.
    Electrical machines (motors, generators) have in the large number of their longitudinal grooves of the stator core specially designed coil windings or conductor bars, usually. made of copper or another highly conductive material.
    In the case of an electric motor, an all-round propagating magnetic field is generated by time selective energization, which the suspended in the bore of the stator and freely rotating rotor, which e.g. Due to a large number of applied permanent magnets, it reacts to the induced magnetic field in the form of forced rotation, drives it and thus converts electrical energy into kinetic energy. The laminated core is electrically grounded, while the coils are at a high kilovolt potential. The coils fitted into the stator slots must therefore be electrically isolated from ground potential. For this purpose, each coil is insulated with a special mica-based tape (so-called mica tape) multiple times and with a defined overlap.
    Mica is used because, as a particulate, especially as a platelet-shaped, inorganic barrier material, it is able to retard electrical erosion under electrical partial discharges effectively and for a long time, for example over the entire service life of the machine or the generator, and has good chemical and thermal resistance . Mica tapes consist of mica paper and one or more carriers, e.g. Fabric, film (s) that are connected to one another via a tape adhesive. Mica tapes are necessary because mica paper alone does not have the mechanical strength required for an insulation process. Depending on the application, further additives can be added to the tape adhesive, e.g. Accelerator substances that initiate the thermal hardening of an externally applied impregnation agent: after the coils, which are insulated with mica tape, have been fitted into the stator core and electrically switched, the air in the cavities of the windings and especially in the slot gaps is removed to avoid partial discharges during later operation of the stator core eliminated. Since this distance from the energized, insulated coil to the laminated core is usually kept as small as possible, field strengths of several kV / mm are not uncommon there. The insulation material is stressed accordingly.
    As insulation material, thermally curable epoxy resin / anhydride mixtures have proven to be suitable for vacuum impregnation processes because they are used to flood the stators of electrical machines, which are composed of their individual parts, with the fitted and mica tape insulated coils. During a special vacuum impregnation process, the VPI (vacuum pressure impregnation) process, these stators have so far been flooded as a whole with a low-viscosity epoxy resin-phthalic anhydride formulation in a vacuum chamber and then impregnated under pressure.
    [0006] Depending on the interaction between the accelerator in the mica tape and the impregnating agent, the impregnating agent made of epoxy resin phthalic anhydride that has penetrated into the mica tape insulation may gel during the impregnation phase. The final hardening usually takes place under normal pressure in an industrial furnace. The curing catalyst in the mica tape, also called accelerator or tape accelerator in technical jargon, has the task of gelling and hardening the applied impregnating agent made of epoxy resin and phthalic anhydride in a desired time at a defined temperature.
    A mixture of distilled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride has established itself as the industrial standard in electrical machines as an impregnating agent, a very thin liquid formulation which, in the absence of accelerator substances, has a desired long storage stability at the impregnation temperature (e.g. doubling the dynamic initial viscosity only after several weeks ), but reacts quickly to form high polymers in the presence of an accelerator. However, since the mica tape provided with tape adhesive and tape accelerator should also have a sufficiently long storage stability, tape adhesive and curing catalyst are preferably as inert to one another as possible in the solid insulation material.
    It is particularly advantageous if all three components, that is tape adhesive, curing catalyst and applied impregnation agent only react with one another at the moment they meet during the VPI process. This achieves the best possible networking as well as connection, compatibility and absence of voids in the insulation, which in turn leads to an optimized service life of the "main insulation" of the electrical machine that is subsequently created during hardening.
    [0008] An epoxy resin / phthalic anhydride mixture has been used as the impregnating agent. The hardening catalyst present in the solid insulation material has hitherto been used for impregnating resins containing acid anhydride, for example transition metal salts of organic acids and / or substituted amines, such as zinc naphthenic acid salts. The glass transition temperatures of the substituted amine derivatives are usually higher than those of the transition metal salts.
    The working principle of the generators is inverse to that of the motors. The rotor located in the bore is driven by mechanical energy (fuel combustion in power plants with turbine drive, by water power, etc.), which in turn induces electrical currents in the stator coils, which in turn are fed into the network after synchronization. The laminated core is electrically grounded here, too, while the coils are at a high kilovolt potential. However, since generators are very large electrical machines with high nominal voltages (usually higher than motors), the mica tape windings in the stator coils are often wound many times more than in the usually smaller electric motors in order to keep the field strengths within an acceptable range . The impregnation of all these layers of mica tape places high demands on the dynamic viscosity of the impregnating agent in the VPI process.
    Also, impregnated but still uncrosslinked generator stators are often gelled and hardened in a rolling manner so that the complete impregnation of all mica tape layers, for example up to a centimeter in total, is guaranteed on each stator bar. For this reason alone, the required setting times for generator construction are significantly longer than for the VPI process for electric motors. Accordingly, it is advantageous if the curing catalyst is chosen so that a sufficiently long gelling phase is ensured in the generator production. The curing catalyst should nevertheless be easy enough to handle in terms of enthalpy of reaction and thus release less heat during the reaction to form the polymer than, for example, a belt accelerator suitable for engine production.
    Because of the toxicological concerns about the unrestricted use of phthalic anhydrides, in the future phthalic anhydride-free or anhydride-free impregnating agents based on epoxy will be used, which are polymerized using curing catalysts.
    Despite the preferred use of the distilled bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether as the basis for the anhydride-free impregnation agent, as described in the earlier applications DE 102014219844.5; DE 102014221715.6; DE 102015205328.8, DE 102015202053.3; From DE 102015204885.3, the disclosure content of which is hereby made part of the content of the present description, the required impregnability of - for example - generator stator bars and the dynamic viscosity of this anhydride-free impregnant is insufficient for some applications. It is also known that the glass transition temperatures are ionically hardened
    Epoxy resins of the type bisphenol A diglycidyl ether add bisphenol F diglycidyl ether to decrease steadily.
    Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to provide a solid insulation material for use together with a formulation for an impregnation agent for the production of an insulation system in the VPI process, which is stable in storage and, moreover, is basically free of acid anhydride.
    Accordingly, the subject matter of the present invention is a solid insulation material which can be used together with a formulation of an impregnating agent to produce an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process, the insulation material being a carrier, a barrier material made of platelet-shaped mica, a first ionic curing catalyst and a Includes tape adhesive, wherein the tape adhesive is in the form of an epoxy novolak and / or epoxy phenol novolak with functionalities n = 0.1 to 8 and is inert to the first curing catalyst, which is in the form of a super acid and / or a super acid derivative and reacts under the conditions of vacuum impregnation with cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of an impregnating agent made of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin with gel times of 1 to 15 hours, preferably 2 to 12 hours, particularly preferably 2.5 to 10 hours at an impregnation temperature.
    The solid insulation material is suitable to be impregnated by a formulation for an impregnating agent in a VPI process for producing an insulation system, the impregnating agent being correspondingly low in viscosity, with a viscosity of less than 1500 mPas, preferably less than 500 mPas, particularly preferred less than 150 mPas at the impregnation temperature, characterized in that the impregnation resin is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which reacts with the first hardening catalyst deposited in the solid insulation material and / or the second hardening catalyst distributed in the formulation of the impregnating agent, the first hardening catalyst ("band accelerator") comes from the solid insulation material, reacts very reactively to the cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin in the formulation of the impregnating agent, but reacts to the functional groups of the tape adhesive also contained in the solid insulation material is sufficiently inert so that the storage stability of the solid insulation material is given, whereby the second hardening catalyst ("bath accelerator") only starts at higher temperatures, for example above 100 ° C, so that the formulation of the impregnating agent has sufficient storage stability.
    A cycloaliphatic epoxy resin according to the present invention has at least one oxirane functionality in at least one cycloaliphatic.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the epoxy resin preferably comprises at least two cycloaliphatic rings in order to form a network-like structure during curing, and - again preferably, both carry at least one oxirane functionality.
    The subject of the present invention is a solid insulation material which can be used together with the formulation of the impregnating agent to produce an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process, this comprising a carrier, a barrier material, a first curing catalyst and a tape adhesive, the tape adhesive being inert is compared to the first curing catalyst, which under the conditions of vacuum impregnation with the cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, as is contained in the formulation of the impregnant, with gel times of 1 to 15h, preferably 2 to 12, particularly preferably 2.5 to 10h Impregnation temperature reacts.
    Furthermore, the insulation system produced in this way can be used in electrical machines, preferably rotating electrical machines, particularly preferably rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range and in electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings, transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU Implementations, as well as in corresponding semi-finished products, the subject of the invention.
    [0020] Finally, electrical machines, preferably rotating electrical machines, are also
    NEN, particularly preferably rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range and electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings, transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU bushings, as well as corresponding semi-finished products that include such an insulation system, the subject of the invention.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, there is a support in the form of woven fabric, e.g. Glass fiber fabric, non-woven, such as Fleece, in particular a polyester fleece, paper and / or film before. The carrier can also be perforated in the form of a film.
    [0022] The, preferably particulate, barrier material is located in the solid insulation material on, in and / or on this carrier.
    [0023] The barrier material is preferably at least partially in the form of platelets. In particular, mica can be used as a barrier material, for example.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, a tape adhesive in the form of a glycidyl ether-epoxy resin with repeating units of n = 0 to n = 50, preferably n = 1 to n = 30, particularly preferably n = 2, is in the solid insulation material up to n = 18.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, the tape adhesive is in the form of an epoxy novolak and / or epoxy phenol novolak with functionalities n = 0.1 to 8.
    The tape adhesive connects the at least one carrier and the barrier material in the solid insulation material, the insulation system. It is contained in the solid insulation material in an amount in the range from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 10% by weight.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first curing catalyst ("tape curing catalyst or also called tape accelerator") is in the solid insulation material in a concentration of 0.001% by weight to 7.5% by weight, for example in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight , in particular from 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight, and preferably from 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight, so that gel times of several hours can be achieved.
    According to one embodiment, a second curing catalyst (“bath curing catalyst”) with a light-off temperature of, for example,> 100 ° C, preferably> 120 ° C, particularly preferably> 140 ° C is contained in the formulation.
    This second curing catalyst is preferably in a content of 0% by weight - 10% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 7.5% by weight and particularly preferably in a content of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, in the formulation for contain the impregnating agent.
    [0030] The first and the second curing catalyst are preferably ionically acting curing catalysts. The two curing catalysts can be present simultaneously, but each of the curing catalysts can also be present alone. Thus, an insulation system can be produced using the first curing catalyst alone and using the second curing catalyst alone, but preferably an insulation system is produced using the first curing catalyst, and particularly preferably the insulation system is produced using both curing catalysts.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the selection of the respective oxirane-containing components, in the solid insulation material of the tape adhesive on the one hand and the impregnation resin in the formulation, is made so that different oxirane species are selected.
    For example, a 1,2-terminal oxirane is combined as a tape adhesive with a cycloaliphatic oxirane as an impregnation resin in the vacuum impregnation process. For example, a material based on 1,2-oxirane epoxy resin groups, such as a chain-extended epoxy resin with n> 1 and / or higher functional epoxy-phenol-novolaks, can be used as tape adhesive.
    are set.
    As a - first - curing catalyst, which is provided in the solid insulation material, for example a super acid, in particular a thermally activated super acid, which initiates a cationic, thermally driven gelation and the cycloaliphatic oxirane-epoxy resin during the vacuum impregnation process.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first curing catalyst initiates the polymerization of the impregnating resin, the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin at temperatures in the range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 80 ° C and particularly preferably from 55 ° C up to 75 ° C. The lowest light-off temperature of the second curing catalyst can also directly follow the highest light-off temperature of the first curing catalyst.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, a filler and / or additives are present in the formulation of the impregnating agent.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the formulation, a filler is in the form of nanoparticles. It can be particularly advantageous if the nanoparticles are present in dispersed form.
    According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are in the form of polymeric nanoparticles.
    According to a further embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are present in the formulation with a particle diameter of 5 nm to 300 nm, in particular with a particle diameter of less than 150 nm.
    According to a further embodiment of the invention, the nanoparticles are present in the formulation in a content of 0.1 to 35% by weight.
    [0040] In particular for the impregnation of large generator stators with low errors, extremely low-viscosity impregnating agents are necessary.
    Since distilled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether usually has a dynamic viscosity of about 4500 mPa · s at room temperature, a reduction to the necessary 25-50 mPa · s by increasing the temperature is not feasible for manufacturing purposes. Switching to distilled bisphenol F diglycidyl ether with a dynamic room temperature viscosity of approx. 1500 mPa · s and ionic polymerization is therefore appropriate, as already mentioned in the following German national patent applications, the disclosure of which is hereby made part of the content of the present description: DE 102014219844.5 ; DE 102014221715.6; DE 102015205328.8; DE 102015202053.3; DE 102015204885.3.
    As from DE 102014219844.5; DE 102014221715.6; DE 102015205328.8, DE 102015202053.3 and DE 102015204885.3 is known, an ionic polymerization of anhydride-free, distilled 1,2-oxirane epoxy resins, e.g. of the types bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and / or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, expedient. For large electrical machines with a particularly large number of layers of mica tape that are difficult to impregnate, however, a particularly low-viscosity, i.e. low-viscosity, impregnating agent is required, which also gels very slowly in order to ensure complete penetration. The first curing catalyst in the mica tape is therefore advantageously present in a particularly low concentration in order to induce gel times of several hours.
    At the same time, preference is given to first curing catalysts in which the glass transition temperature of the cured impregnating agent in the insulation system is greater than 110.degree. C., preferably greater than 130.degree. C., particularly preferably greater than 150.degree.
    In particular, superacids with a latent effect, for example acids with a pKa value of less than -3, enable impregnating agents with high glass transition temperatures, entirely without an anhydride hardener component.
    It is advantageous if the “first curing catalyst” is meant in the solid isolati
    Onswerkstoff present curing catalyst, a thermally-activatable super acid and / or a thermally-activatable super acid derivative, (blocked super acid) such as e.g. a complex of a tetrafluoroborate, sulphonium derivative, hexafluoroantimonate and / or a hexafluorophosphate as a representative of the so-called superacids or superacid salts. For example, compounds with quaternary, organic ammonium and / or also antimony-free compounds (curing catalysts 5 to 7) have given good results, as can be seen in FIG. 2, Table 1.
    The thermally activated super acid derivatives are complexed, for example, with a crown ether, such as, for example, crown ether 15-crown-5, and the like. An exemplary complex is AgSbFe.
    For example, such a first curing catalyst initiates a cationic, thermally driven gelation and polymerization of the impregnating resin in the range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the impregnating resin is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin selected from the group of the following compounds: 7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-ylmethyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane-3-carboxylate ; 2- (3,4-epoxy) cyclohexyl5,5-spiro (3,4-epoxy) -cyclohexane-m-dioxane; Bis (3,4-epoxy-cyclohexylmethyl) adipate; Bis (3,4 epoxycyclohexyl) adipate; 4- (1,2-epoxyethyl) -1,2-epoxycyclohexane and / or 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ’, 4’- epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, as well as any mixtures and blends of the compounds listed above.
    Typical contents for the gelation of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin with said first curing catalysts, which are contained in the solid insulation material, are much less than 1 wt .-%, based on the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin of the formulation for the impregnation agent, which only occurs during the vacuum process comes into contact with this first curing catalyst.
    According to one embodiment, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ’, 4’-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate is used as the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, a very thin-flowing epoxy resin which can also be used without a reaction thinner and which has proven to be very stable in storage.
    THE INVENTION FOLLOWS UPON THE FOLLOWING POINTS:
    1. Formulation for an impregnation agent for the production of an insulation system by means of vacuum impregnation, in particular VPI impregnation, which is suitable to impregnate a solid insulation material with a carrier, a barrier material and an associated tape adhesive, which for this purpose a correspondingly low-viscosity impregnation resin with a viscosity of less than 1500 mPas, preferably less than 500 mPas, particularly preferably less than 150 mPas at the impregnation temperature,
    wherein the impregnation resin is a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin which reacts with a first curing catalyst deposited in the solid insulation material and / or distributed in the formulation of the impregnant, the first curing catalyst, which originates from the solid insulation material, being very reactive with the cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin the formulation of the impregnating agent reacts, but is sufficiently inert to the functional groups of the tape adhesive also contained in the solid insulation material, so that the storage stability of the solid insulation material is given, the second curing catalyst only starts at higher temperatures, for example above 100 ° C, so that the formulation of the impregnating agent has sufficient storage stability.
    2. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to point 1, wherein the epoxy resin is selected from the group of the following compounds: 7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-ylmethyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane-3-carboxylate ; 2- (3,4-epoxy) cyclohexyl-5,5-spiro (3,4-epoxy) cyclohexane-m-dioxane; Bis (3,4-epoxy-cyclohexylmethyl) adipate; Bis (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate; 4- (1,2-epoxyethyl) -1,2-epoxycyclohexane and / or 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ’, 4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, as well as any mixtures and mixtures of the compounds listed above.
    3. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of points 1 or 2, wherein the second curing catalyst in the formulation in an amount of 0 wt% -10 wt%, in particular from 0.01 to 7.5 wt% and particularly preferably in a content of 0.1 up to 5% by weight, based on the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin.
    4. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of the preceding points, wherein the second curing catalyst initiates an ionic curing.
    5. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of the preceding points, wherein the second curing catalyst has a light-off temperature of> 100 ° C, preferably> 120 ° C, particularly preferably> 140 ° C.
    6. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of the preceding points, in which additives and / or fillers are provided.
    7. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of the preceding points, in which nanoparticles are provided.
    8. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to item 7, wherein the nanoparticles are present in dispersed form in the formulation.
    9. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to item 7 or 8, wherein the nanoparticles are in the form of polymeric nanoparticles.
    10. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of points 7 to 9, wherein the nanoparticles are present with a particle diameter of less than 300 nm, in particular in a range from 5 to 150 nm.
    11. Formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of points 7 to 10, the nanoparticles being present in a content of 0.1 to 35% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
    12. Solid insulation material that can be used together with the formulation of the impregnating agent to produce an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process, this comprising a carrier, a barrier material, a first curing catalyst and a tape adhesive, the tape adhesive being inert to the first curing catalyst , which under the conditions of vacuum impregnation with the cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, as it is contained in the formulation of the impregnant according to one of items 1 to 11, with gel times of 1 to 15 hours, preferably 2 to 12, particularly preferably 2.5 to 10h at impregnation temperature reacts.
    13. Solid insulation material according to item 12, in which a carrier is present in the form of woven fabric, fleece, paper and / or in the form of a film.
    14. Solid insulation material according to item 13, in which the barrier material is on, in and / or on the carrier.
    15. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 14, the barrier material being at least partially in the form of particles.
    16. Solid insulation material according to item 15, wherein the barrier material is at least partially in the form of platelets.
    17. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 16, wherein the tape adhesive is in the form of a glycidyl ether epoxy resin with repeat units from n = 0 to n = 50, preferably from n = 1 to n = 30, particularly preferably from n = 2 to n = 18 is present.
    18. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 17, wherein the tape adhesive is in the form of an epoxy novolak and / or epoxy phenol novolak with functionalities n = 0.1 to 8.
    19. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 18, the tape adhesive being in the form of diols, triplets and / or polyols.
    20. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 19, the tape adhesive being present in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 10% by weight.
    21. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 20, wherein the first curing catalyst in a concentration of 0.001% by weight to 7.5% by weight, for example in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.001% by weight to 2 % By weight, and preferably from 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight, is present in the solid insulation material.
    22. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 21, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a super acid and / or a super acid derivative.
    23. Solid insulation material according to item 22, wherein the superacid has a pKa value of less than -3.
    24. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 23, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a thermally activated superacid.
    25. Solid insulation material according to one of items 21 to 24, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a latent superacid.
    26. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 25, wherein the first curing catalyst at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 80 ° C and particularly preferably from 55 ° C to 75 ° C starts.
    27. Solid insulation material according to one of items 21 to 26, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a complex of a super acid fluoro anion with a crown ether.
    28. Solid insulation material according to item 27, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a complex of a silver hexafluoroantimonate with a 15-crown-5 crown ether.
    29. Solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 28, the first hardening catalyst in the hardened impregnating agent reaching a glass transition temperature of greater than 110 ° C. in the insulation system.
    30. Use of an insulation system produced by vacuum impregnation with a solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 29 and a formulation of an impregnating agent according to one of items 1 to 11 in medium and high voltage machines, in particular rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range as well in electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings, transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU bushings, as well as in corresponding semi-finished products.
    31. Electrical machines, preferably rotating electrical machines, particularly preferably rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range, as well as electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings, transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU bushings, and corresponding semi-finished products that include a Insulation system produced with a formulation according to one of items 1 to 11 and / or a solid insulation material according to one of items 12 to 29.
    FIG. 1 shows a graph that shows the temperature-dependent, dynamic viscosity of the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate.
    To achieve the required storage stability in the solid insulation material, for example at room temperature and in particular at a vacuum holding and impregnation temperature lasting several hours, the first curing catalyst is comparatively inert to the tape adhesive material. This in particular also under the conditions of the vacuum holding and / or impregnation temperature, which is for example in the range between 25 ° C and 100 ° C, in particular between 50 ° C to 80 ° C, most preferably between 55 ° C to 75 ° C. Example
    Tape adhesive materials whose main components only have 1,2-oxirane epoxy groups are suitable.
    Table 1 can be seen in FIG. 2, in which the reactivity of the tape adhesive is summarized for various first curing catalysts. Compounds have been identified which have a relatively short gel time in cycloaliphatic (impregnating resin) but relatively high storage stability in 1,2-oxirane group epoxy resin (tape adhesive).
    For example, the thermally activated superacids used as curing catalyst 5 to 7 are able to gel cycloaliphatic epoxy resin extremely quickly at 70 ° C, but are extremely inert to conventional 1,2-oxirane-containing epoxy resins, which are used as tape adhesive materials in mica tape . For example, a blocked superacid used as an example with a concentration of 0.02% in 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate gives a gel time of> 10 hours at 70 ° C., with a concentration of 2.5% in one distilled bisphenol F diglycidyl ether does not lead to gelation even after 5000 hours at 70 ° C.
    FIG. 3 shows the gel times (12 g, 70 ° C.) of these curing catalysts in a cycloaliphatic oxirane. It can be seen that the reactivity of these catalyst types is very low in the tape adhesive, the 1,2-oxirane epoxy resin, but very high in the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, the impregnation resin, so that very low levels of curing catalyst are sufficient.
    This opens up the possibility of depositing very low contents of the first curing catalyst in the range of 0.001-1% by weight in the solid insulation materials, such as the mica tapes. As a result, there are practically no negative reactivities with the tape adhesive, especially if the solid insulation material contains a tape adhesive based on 1,2-oxirane epoxy resins and / or epoxy phenol novolaks.
    After a vacuum impregnation process, this low content of the first curing catalyst leads to gelling during the impregnation. Subsequent thermal curing at practical curing temperatures, i.e. around 10 hours at 145 ° C to 180 ° C, leads to clear, void-free and bubble-free molded materials of sufficient rigidity, but very high glass transition temperatures of 160 ° C and more.
    There is also the possibility of depositing an additional curing catalyst in the impregnation agent ("bath curing catalyst"), as a supplement to the tape curing catalyst, in the mica tapes, for example with light-off temperatures around 100 ° C. In this way it can be ensured that impregnating resin parts which are insufficiently catalyzed by the belt curing catalyst, e.g. experience hardening during the later tempering process in closed folds of the applied mica tape. This combination enables the desired gelation within predetermined times as well as the complete polymerization of the entire impregnating resin, which may not have been reached by a band catalyst. For this purpose, the potential bath accelerators should of course be soluble in the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin.
    In Table 2, FIG. 4 shows a list of the compounds which are used, for example, as second curing catalysts, that is to say as so-called bath curing catalysts, because they are contained in the liquid insulating agent.
    The insulation system according to the present invention can comprise any additives which, for example, influence the color, the breaking strength, the fracture toughness, brittleness etc. of the insulation system in the fully cured state.
    For example, the cured, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin is a very brittle material to which additives are added to increase the resistance to breakage and / or to increase the elongation at break. For example, the addition of flexibilizing auxiliaries, such as long-chain polyols, for example polypropylene glycol, can be advantageous here.
    To maintain a high glass transition temperature, it is advantageous, for example,
    Use nanoparticles, in particular polymeric nanoparticles, as additives. The nanoparticles very effectively increase the elongation at break and fracture mechanical property parameters with almost comparable glass transition areas.
    For this purpose, the partial and / or complete use of nanoparticle-in-cycloaliphatic EP masterbatches, such as e.g. Polybutadiene core shell particles, 90 to 110 nm, free of agglomerates, these particles are e.g. detectable by means of TEM.
    These masterbatches contain 25-33% by weight of polymeric nanoparticles and can be used pure or mixed with the epoxy resin, as shown in FIG.
    The first curing catalysts mentioned are (almost) chemically inert with respect to the conventional glycidyl ether-based epoxy resins, for example also epoxy-phenol novolaks, which are used as tape adhesives and thus function as highly effective, storage-stable first curing catalysts in the solid insulation material.
    The cycloaliphatic epoxy resins of the 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ', 4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate type, which according to one embodiment of the invention serve as impregnating or impregnating resin, have low dynamic viscosities and allow the impregnation of numerous layers of mica tape, especially in generator construction . Furthermore, during polymerization, initiated by the curing catalyst, they form very high glass transition temperatures.
    An insulation system produced with the components described above in the vacuum impregnation process can keep up with the insulation system of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether EPR162 and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride EPH868 with regard to the glass transition of greater than 150 ° C. (10h / 145 ° C.).
    The combination according to the invention of a highly effective, inert first curing catalyst in the solid insulation material with the highly flowable cycloaliphatic epoxy resin enables high glass transition temperatures to be set without the use of acid anhydrides. This first curing catalyst or a second curing catalyst which is less reactive in the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin cures the acid anhydride-free insulation system, with comparable Tgs being obtained.
    This second curing catalyst in the impregnating agent, in conjunction with the first curing catalyst, ensures the reliable, complete curing of the entire impregnating agent. This second curing catalyst leads to curing in small proportions, particularly preferably in the range 0.1-5% by weight, based on the pure cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. To increase the resistance to breakage or elongation at break, partial admixing of polymeric nanoparticles into the cycloaliphatic epoxy resin impregnation resin, preferably in the form of nanoparticle masterbatches with an identical epoxy resin matrix, can be useful. Stretching with flexibilizers based on long-chain diols, such as polypropylene glycols 6, which are known to the person skilled in the art, is also conceivable.
    The invention relates to an insulation system, in particular a wrapping tape insulation impregnated by vacuum impregnation, preferably VPI process, in particular for use in medium and high voltage machines, in particular rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range. But also for medium and high voltage bushings such as transformer, generator and / or HVDC bushings, as well as in corresponding semi-finished products for electrical switchgear. In order to optimize the impregnation of the solid insulation material, a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin is used as the basis for the formulation of the impregnating agent, adjustments in the solid insulation material, e.g. in the mica tape, required in relation to the curing catalyst and tape adhesive.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1.Solid insulation material that can be used together with a formulation of an impregnating agent to produce an insulation system in a vacuum impregnation process, the insulation material comprising a carrier, a barrier material made of platelet-shaped mica, a first ionic curing catalyst and a tape adhesive, the tape adhesive in the form an epoxy novolak and / or epoxy phenol novolak with functionalities n = 0.1 to 8 is present and is inert to the first curing catalyst, which is in the form of a super acid and / or a super acid derivative and under the conditions of vacuum impregnation with cycloaliphatic epoxy groups of an impregnating agent as it is contained in the formulation of the impregnating agent, reacts with gel times of 1 to 15 hours, preferably 2 to 12 hours, particularly preferably 2.5 to 10 hours, at an impregnation temperature.
    [2]
    2. Solid insulation material according to claim 1, in which the carrier is in the form of woven fabric, fleece, paper and / or in the form of a film.
    [3]
    3. Solid insulation material according to claim 2, in which the barrier material is on, in and / or on the carrier.
    [4]
    4. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tape adhesive is in the form of diols, triols and / or polyols.
    [5]
    5. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tape adhesive is present in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 10% by weight.
    [6]
    6. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first curing catalyst in a concentration of 0.001% by weight to 7.5% by weight, for example in the range from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight, and preferably from 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight in the solid insulation material.
    [7]
    7. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the superacid has a pKa value of less than -3.
    [8]
    8. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a thermally activatable super acid and / or a thermally activatable super acid derivative.
    [9]
    9. Solid insulation material according to claim 8, wherein the thermally-activatable superacid and / or the thermally-activatable superacid derivative is a complex of a tetrafluoroborate, sulphonium derivative, hexafluoroantimonate and / or a hexafluorophosphate and / or a compound with quaternary, organic ammonium and / or an antimony-free Connection is.
    [10]
    10. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 (6!) To 9, wherein the first curing catalyst is in the form of a latently acting superacid.
    [11]
    11. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first curing catalyst at a temperature in the range from 20 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from 50 ° C to 80 ° C and particularly preferably from 55 ° C to 75 ° C starts.
    [12]
    12. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 (6 '!) To 11, wherein the first curing catalyst in the form of a complex of a super acid fluoro anion, in particular a silver hexafluoroantimonate, with a crown ether, in particular with a 15-crown-5 crown ether , is present.
    [13]
    13. Solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first hardening catalyst in the hardened impregnating agent in the insulation system reaches a glass transition temperature greater than 110 ° C.
    [14]
    14. Use of an insulation system produced by vacuum impregnation with a solid insulation material according to one of claims 1 to 13 and a formulation of an impregnant in medium and high voltage machines, in particular rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range as well as in electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings , Transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU bushings, as well as in corresponding semi-finished products.
    [15]
    15.Electric machines, preferably rotating electrical machines, particularly preferably rotating electrical machines in the medium and high voltage range as well as electrical switchgear, medium and high voltage applications, bushings, transformer bushings, generator bushings and / or HGU bushings, as well as corresponding semi-finished products that make up an insulation system with a solid insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
    4 sheets of drawings
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